2 - Background
2.2 - Specific examples
2.2.3 - Summary and conclusions
2.2.3.1 - Summary
The summary is presented below in the form of a comparison table:
| Object of comparison |
Reciprocating petrol engine |
Reciprocating gas oil engine |
Gas turbine |
| Expansion volume/work volume ratio |
Equal to 1 |
Equal to 1 |
More than 1 |
| Heat exchange |
Impossible |
Impossible |
Possible |
| Choice of fuels |
Standard |
Standard |
Unrestricted |
| Combustion method |
Cyclical |
Cyclical |
Continuous |
| Performance at pressure |
High |
High |
Average |
| Pmax/Pme ratio |
Poor |
Poor |
Favourable |
| Thermal energy transformed to mechanical energy |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
20 to 30% depending on circumstances |
| Cooling system losses |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
None |
| Pertes par le système d'échappement |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
30 to 35% depending on circumstances |
70 to 80% depending on circumstances |
| Gas emissions |
Toxic |
Toxic |
Acceptable |
| Noise level |
High |
High |
High |
| Friction in the work volume |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| Lubrication in the work volume |
Dangerous |
Dangerous |
Not required |
| Cooling |
Mandatory |
Mandatory |
Not required |
| Gearbox |
Mandatory |
Mandatory |
|
| Speed reducer |
|
|
Mandatory |
2.2.3.2 - Conclusion
The arguments in favour of the heat engine can be summarised as follows:
- - External combustion engines have the least demanding fuel requirements. The motive fluid and combustion gases are often different. All that is required of a fuel is For it to burn quickly enough without leaving residue.
- - Continuous combustion in gas turbine engines or external combustion engines must be stable and steady. This is the principle requirement.
- - Advantages of the petrol engine: Piston/cylinder configuration that can withstand high pressures.
- - Advantages of the gas oil engine: the piston/cylinder configuration performs better at high pressures.
- - Advantages of the gas turbine: Multi-fuel operation, smooth running, good pmax/pme ratio, good emission values without special equipment.
As we are starting from scratch, the following points should be kept in mind to produce our ideal engine specification:
- - an external combustion engine;
- - multi-fuel operation;
- - working at high pressures;
- - working at high temperatures:
- - smooth and quiet;
- - good pmax/pme ratio;
- - good emission values without special equipment, therefore with no exhaust system;
- - no lubrication in the work volume;
- - no cooling in the work volume;
- - no gearbox;
- - no movement converter.
The « Technologies » and « Applications » sections show how this ideal specification can be met.
******
|