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2 - Background

2.2 - Specific examples

2.2.3 - Summary and conclusions

2.2.3.1 - Summary

The summary is presented below in the form of a comparison table:

Object of comparison Reciprocating petrol engine Reciprocating gas oil engine Gas turbine
Expansion volume/work volume ratio Equal to 1 Equal to 1 More than 1
Heat exchange Impossible Impossible Possible
Choice of fuels Standard Standard Unrestricted
Combustion method Cyclical Cyclical Continuous
Performance at pressure High High Average
Pmax/Pme ratio Poor Poor Favourable
Thermal energy transformed to mechanical energy 30 to 35% depending on circumstances 30 to 35% depending on circumstances 20 to 30% depending on circumstances
Cooling system losses 30 to 35% depending on circumstances 30 to 35% depending on circumstances None
Pertes par le système d'échappement 30 to 35% depending on circumstances 30 to 35% depending on circumstances 70 to 80% depending on circumstances
Gas emissions Toxic Toxic Acceptable
Noise level High High High
Friction in the work volume Yes Yes No
Lubrication in the work volume Dangerous Dangerous Not required
Cooling Mandatory Mandatory Not required
Gearbox Mandatory Mandatory  
Speed reducer     Mandatory

2.2.3.2 - Conclusion

The arguments in favour of the heat engine can be summarised as follows:

- External combustion engines have the least demanding fuel requirements. The motive fluid and combustion gases are often different. All that is required of a fuel is For it to burn quickly enough without leaving residue.
- Continuous combustion in gas turbine engines or external combustion engines must be stable and steady. This is the principle requirement.
- Advantages of the petrol engine: Piston/cylinder configuration that can withstand high pressures.
- Advantages of the gas oil engine: the piston/cylinder configuration performs better at high pressures.
- Advantages of the gas turbine: Multi-fuel operation, smooth running, good pmax/pme ratio, good emission values without special equipment.

As we are starting from scratch, the following points should be kept in mind to produce our ideal engine specification:

- an external combustion engine;
- multi-fuel operation;
- working at high pressures;
- working at high temperatures:
- smooth and quiet;
- good pmax/pme ratio;
- good emission values without special equipment, therefore with no exhaust system;
- no lubrication in the work volume;
- no cooling in the work volume;
- no gearbox;
- no movement converter.

The « Technologies » and « Applications » sections show how this ideal specification can be met.

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